Typically, 10.0 mM (per monomer) of PAA, 1.00 M of a carbonate salt, and 10.00 mM CaCl2 were micropipetted and immediately mixed to homogeneity (and transparency, with the exception of floc morphologies), in the order listed, in 0.5 dram shell vials (Fisherbrand, Type I Glass) to a total of 240 μL.